There are 41 universities of which are three are private (Bond, Torrens and Notre Dane). In addition, Camegie Mellon and University College London have campuses in Adelaide, South Australia. As the main campuses and administrations of these universities are established in Pennsylvania, USA and London UK respectively; we consider them as non-Australian universities. Many Australian universities have overseas branch campuses, twinning arrangements and exchange programs for students and teaching staff worldwide.